he said candidates don't lose election. they run out of money and can't get the airplanes off the ground. that's a good description. probably the reason dukakis was a democratic nominee was because all the other guys ran out of money. this is limited of course to presidential politics. shouldn't just limited to presidential politics. was competition effective in congressional races? were the more competitive candidates as a result of actually the massive flow of money both large money in come in fact small contribution, where more candidates able to reach a threshold of competitiveness which is how political scientists think of money and politics. it's not like playing the card game of work we have a higher number, you and it actually a pretty subtle thing to get reached a threshold where you can be heard and at a certain point extra money isn't doing you any good. so the real question, probably last year the average non-income would win in a congressional race raised 1.5 million, people who either want an open seat or defe